The cervix or the uterine cervix is the lower portion of the uterus (or the neck of the womb). It is the cervix that connects the main body of the uterus to the vagina lower down.
There are two parts of the cervix. The portion of the cervix which is closest to the body of the uterus is the inner cervix or the endocervix. That part of the cervix next to the vagina is the outer cervix or the exocervix (or ectocervix).
The cells covering the endocervix are glandular cells and the cells covering the ectocervix are the squamous cells. Both these lining cell types meet up at a zone known as the transformation zone.
So, what is a cervical biopsy ?
Cervical biopsy is the surgical removal of a small representative piece of tissue from the uterine cervix. It is basically performed to see and diagnose any abnormalities in the cervix.
What is the role of cervical biopsy in diagnosis ?
It allows for the confirmation of findings noted at the Colposcopy examination, using a small tissue bit from the cervix. The tissue bit is processed in the laboratory and then examined under a microscope, to give final diagnosis. This aids the doctor to choose the most suitable treatment for you.
What are the risks of cervical biopsy ?
There are no major risks associated with the cervical biopsy procedure.
Are there any alternatives to cervical biopsy procedure ?
If no cervical biopsy is taken, then your management completely relies on the Colposcopic findings which are not always that accurate to make a final confirmatory diagnosis. So the end result may be either under or over treatment.
How is cervical biopsy performed ?
You will be placed lying down in a similar position as that for a cervical Pap smear and/or Colposcopy. This will ease out the procedure for you. The doctor removes a small tissue bit, with a biopsy forceps. The area is then sealed off by applying a chemical.
The Colposcopy takes around 15 to 20 minutes, while the actual taking of the biopsy takes only about two to three minutes. You should come prepared with sanitary pads.
Is cervical biopsy painful ?
Though it is an uncomfortable procedure, the cervix is comparatively insensitive to pain. During the biopsy, you will feel a pinching sensation that you will be able to tolerate without the help of local anesthetic.
What is the follow-up after a cervical biopsy ?
Some vaginal bleeding and heavy discharge is to be expected post procedure. This may go on for around two weeks on and off. Sexual Intercourse is to be avoided for about a week or till the bleeding and discharge has settled. Tampons are not to be used in this time. It is best to avoid strenuous exercise for two weeks. You should avoid pregnancy as well until your first follow-up is completed and you get a normal smear result. It is advised to use a sheath (condom) until the treatment is completed.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
