An arthroscopic diagnostic procedure which is also used to perform minimally invasive surgical procedures in patients who are affected with joint problems. The word “Arthroscopy” is derived from two word, arthro meaning the joint and scopein meaning to look. Not all the orthopedic procedures can be performed with the arthroscopic technique.
What is the basic principle of an arthroscopic examination ?
During an arthroscopic examination, the surgeon (orthopedic surgeon) inserts a instrument, the size of a pencil, with a fibreoptic fitting to visualize the joint, via a 5-6mm incision on the joint surface. This scope is used to visualize the inside of the joint to identify the normal and diseased structures on to an output or a monitor.
When is, an arthroscopic examination advised ?
An arthroscopic examination is advised in individuals who have joint problems in any of the joints of the body and investigative procedures like X-ray, CT scan and MRI scan are not enough to come to a confirmatory diagnosis. It is also advised in individuals who do not want to undergo a major surgical procedure where the procedure and recovery both are longer. An arthroscopic examination is commonly performed in the joints of knee, hip, ankle, and elbow. The common conditions which use arthroscopic examination for diagnosis and treatment include the following.
- Inflammation of the joint: synovitis
- Cartilage damage
- Ligament tear
- Damage to the tendon
- Rotator cuff injuries
- Biopsy of the joint space
Is arthroscopic examination suitable for all patients with joint diseases ?
Arthroscopic examination can be performed in all patients who are affected with a joint problem, but a surgical procedure performed along with arthroscopic examination is not advised for all patients. Your suitability for an arthroscopic procedure is dependent on your condition, symptoms, and your doctor’s evaluation of your condition.
How do you prepare for an arthroscopic examination ?
Your doctor will advise you to get an arthroscopy done, after a detailed history taking, physical and clinical examination and other adjuncts like radiographs, CT and MRI scans. It is advised that you inform your doctor, if you on any prescribed medication as some medications may need to be revised or stopped before the procedure, as they may interfere with the outcome of the procedure. It is also important to give a complete past medical history to your treating doctor to avoid any complications. You will be admitted a day before or on the same day of the procedure to the hospital.
Is the arthroscopic examination performed under anesthesia ?
Yes, arthroscopic examination is performed either under the influence of local anesthesia or general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, along with sedation if required.
What happens during an arthroscopic examination ?
You will be made to change into a hospital gown and will be transferred to the operating room where you will be made to lie on the examination table. The area to be examined will be exposed and will be cleaned with a sterile liquid. The surgeon will then place either one or two 5-6 mm incisions on your joint surface to insert the arthroscope. Once the arthroscope is inserted, the surgeon examines the joint space for any abnormalities with the help of the arthroscope which transmits light at its end which is reciprocated on to a monitor or a screen. Occasionally the repair of the joint space can also be performed with the help of addition instruments and irrigation source during the arthroscopic examination. Not all patients are suitable to have an arthroscopic procedure, hence it is important to discuss with your treating surgeon if arthroscopic procedure could be the choice of treatment for you.
What happens after an arthroscopic examination ?
You will be shifted to a recovery room for close observation. You will also be put on antibiotics and pain medication. Any movement of your joint or the examination site will be strictly restricted for 24-48 hours. If removable sutures are given, they are usually removed after a period of 7-10days. You can resume your normal activities usually within a week’s period.
What are the risks and complications associated with arthroscopic examination ?
Arthroscopic examination is surgical procedure hence complications may include, bleeding, infection, clotting ate the site of the examination. If any of the symptoms exist it is important to report to your doctor immediately.
Disclaimer: The content provided here is meant for general informational purposes only and hence SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, care or evaluation by a qualified doctor/physician or other relevantly qualified healthcare provider.
